Search results for "AW [Intelligence agency]"

On the hardness of optimization in power-law graphs

2008

Our motivation for this work is the remarkable discovery that many large-scale real-world graphs ranging from Internet and World Wide Web to social and biological networks appear to exhibit a power-law distribution: the number of nodes y"i of a given degree i is proportional to i^-^@b where @b>0 is a constant that depends on the application domain. There is practical evidence that combinatorial optimization in power-law graphs is easier than in general graphs, prompting the basic theoretical question: Is combinatorial optimization in power-law graphs easy? Does the answer depend on the power-law exponent @b? Our main result is the proof that many classical NP-hard graph-theoretic optimizati…

PELIGROSIDAD, ALGORITMOS Y DUE PROCESS: EL CASO STATE vs. LOOMIS

2020

El movimiento contemporáneo tendente a la sustitución de la noción de peligrosidad por el enfoque de la valoración del riesgo (risk assessment), que se inició en el ámbito del derecho penitenciario y de ejecución de las penas, está llegando a otras fases del proceso penal, como la de sentencia. Presentándose como una práctica «basada en la evidencia» (evidence-based sentencing), propugna tomar en consideración las valoraciones estructuradas del riesgo de reincidencia a la hora de determinar la clase y cuantía de la pena a imponer, para adecuarla mejor a las necesidades de prevención especial. El presente trabajo analiza críticamente una de las primeras sentencias de un tribunal supremo esta…

Environmental Protection as a Trojan Horse of Criminal Law in the European First Pillar? A new Statement of the ECJ

2008

Dopo la storica sentenza del 13 settembre 2005, la Corte di Giustizia è intervenuta nuovamente a definire il riparto delle competenze tra Unione e Comunità in materia di diritto penale, annullando anche la decisione quadro sul rafforzamento della cornice penale per la repressione dell’inquinamento provocato da navi (caso C-440/05, Commissione c. Consiglio). Due erano le questioni fondamentali che attendevano una risposta da parte della Corte di Giustizia: 1) l’ammissibilità di direttive a contenuto penale per settori ulteriori rispetto a quello specifico della tutela dell’ambiente; 2) la definizione delle competenze della Comunità nella scelta del contenuto delle norme penali. Sul secondo p…

The lexicon of community acquis: how to negotiate the non-negotiable

2009

In the context of the activities aimed to improve and develop the integration and cooperation of new Member States together with the states already belonging to the European Community, EU institutions have carried out a number of measures to increase the coherence of the body of common rights and obligations, binding all the Member States of the European Union (community acquis), for a long time. For this reason, the Commission of the European Community began in 2001 a process of consultation and discussion about the way in which problems resulting from the lack of a correspondence between national contract laws (and related terms) belonging to different legal systems should be dealt with a…

A free press is bad news for corruption

2003

Abstract This paper tests the proposition that a free press may be a powerful control on corruption. We find evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries. This result is robust to specification and sample and the relationship is not sensitive to the choice of a particular measure of corruption or of press freedom. Furthermore we present evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption.

Utilidad pública de las asociaciones. Revocación por la Administración y solución fundacional.

2019

La finalidad no lucrativa de las asociaciones puede encaminarse a la consecución de fines tanto de interés particular como de interés general. En este segundo caso, la búsqueda del bien común les hace merecedoras de una especial protección por parte de los poderes públicos que se concreta en su declaración legal como «asociaciones de utilidad pública». Sin embargo, tras la Ley Orgánica de Asociaciones, de 22 de marzo de 2002 (LODA), la administración se muestra renuente a otorgar la calificación de utilidad pública a aquellas asociaciones que, en aras a allegar recursos para el cumplimiento de sus fines, desarrollen una actividad económica. A resultas de dicho proceder administrativo estas …

Jim Tomlinson: Public Policy and the Economy since 1900, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1990, 380 pp. (incluye bibliografía e índice conjunto de materias y…

1991

Beyond Legal Relations: Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld's Influence on American Institutionalism

2011

This paper documents Hohfeld’s influence on interwar American institutionalism. We will mainly focus on three leading figures of the movement: John Rogers Commons, Robert Lee Hale, and John Maurice Clark. They regarded Hohfeld’s contribution on jural relations as a preliminary step toward the understanding of the adversarial nature of legal rights. Albeit with substantial differences in style, method and emphasis, Hohfeld’s schema provided a powerful analytical and rhetorical tool for their analysis This paper documents Hohfeld's influence on interwar American institutionalism. We will mainly focus on three leading figures of the movement: John Rogers Commons, Robert Lee Hale, and John Maur…

Discretionary time: A new measure of freedom, Robert Goodin, James Mahmud Rice, Antti Parpo, and Lina Eriksson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press…

2009

"Facta non verba" : an experiment on pledging and giving

2015

International audience; We design an experiment to investigate whether asking people to state how much they will donate to a charity (i.e., to pledge) increases their actual donation. Individuals’ endowment is either certain or a random variable. We study different types of pledges, namely, private, public and irrevocable, which differ in terms of the cost to the individual for not keeping the promise. We show that in absence of endowment uncertainty, private and public pledges are associated with lower donations as compared to donations in the no-pledge case: private pledges slightly reduce donations and public pledges reduce them more significantly. Donations increase with uncertainty (in…